Photovoltaic solar panels, also known as solar panels, are the most common and familiar way to harness solar energy. They work based on the photoelectric effect, which was discovered by Albert Einstein in the early 20th century. Here’s how they function:
Absorption of solar radiation: Solar panels consist of many solar photovoltaic cells, usually made from semiconductors such as silicon. Semiconductors have the ability to absorb photons (particles of light) from solar radiation.
Generation of electric current: When a photon hits the surface of a solar cell, it can collide with an electron inside the semiconductor and transfer enough energy to it to release it from the atom. This creates an electron-hole pair, where the electron moves through the conductor, and the hole (the place where the electron used to be) remains.
Creation of potential: The movement of electrons creates an electric current in a conductor. Because photovoltaic cells are connected in a solar panel, these currents combine to create an electrical potential that can be used to power electrical devices or sent to the electrical grid.
Inverter: To use the electrical current generated from solar panels, an inverter is usually required. An inverter converts direct current (DC), which is generated by solar panels, into alternating current (AC), which is used in most home and commercial applications and networks.
The benefits of photovoltaic solar panels include their cleanliness, reliability, zero carbon emissions during operation, and long lifespan. They can be used for both off-grid and grid-connected systems and can be installed on rooftops, rural and urban areas, solar farms, and various other solar power generation applications.
More information about photovoltaic solar panels
Efficiency
The efficiency of photovoltaic panels, that is, the ability to convert solar energy into electricity, depends on several factors, including the type of semiconductor, the level of solar insolation, and ambient temperature. They typically have an efficiency of 15% to 22%, although modern technologies can achieve higher values.
Installation and assembly of solar panels
Solar panels can be installed on the roofs of buildings, on the ground, or on special support structures. The angle and orientation of the panels play an important role in their effectiveness. The optimal angle and orientation depend on the geographic location and installation purposes.
Network connection and batteries
Solar panels can be connected to the electricity grid, allowing you to use solar energy for your own needs and sell excess energy back to the grid. They can also be combined with storage systems such as batteries to provide energy at night or during bad weather.
Energy management
Many solar panel systems come with monitoring systems that allow you to track your energy consumption and production. This helps optimize energy use and save money.
Aesthetics and design
Solar panels can be integrated into the architectural design of a building, making them less noticeable and maintaining an aesthetically pleasing appearance.
Support for sustainable energy
Investments in solar panels promote sustainable energy development and create jobs in the manufacturing, installation, and maintenance of solar systems.
Solar PV continues to evolve and become more affordable for consumers, making it a key component of the transition to a more sustainable energy system.